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Illness is defined as a primary centripetal experience, that is a subjectively perceived feeling of indisposition : Disease by contrast, is a socially determined product, a conceptual reshaping of the primary experience of illness.Therefore one illness may in different societies be perceived as different diseases.The Shang recognised many illnesses but few diseases.Of these few diseases the most important by far was "Curse Of An Ancestor".When food is scarce in times of famine feelings become dominant over thoughts because without nourishment the body loses its ability to move and centrifugal energy and the power of thought wanes. In these Zero growth economies where ' Centripetal Mind ' predominates the main social disharmony could be local resentment by those who produced insufficient harvests, and this was socially unacceptable devisive and dangerous. Zero growth economies without free movement of labour <unlike growth oriented economies with free movement of labour>require orderly and equal distribution of the total harvest amongst members where the needy and sensitive are helped by the powerful and better off in return for prestiege eg 'Fiestas' in Latin America, 'ngbaya' in South Africa, & Potlatch with the Indians in the Pacific North West. Because resentment takes root in those whose minds are in the past it was only natural to consider that 'The Ancestors' were also resentful, & that equal distribution of resources ought to include them as well.' Centripetal Mind ' centres on individual or local responsibility.So that the conduct advocated by the ' Medicine of Systematic Correspondence ' for the preservation of good health conformed to a large degree with the norms of Confucian political philosophy for the maintenance of harmony and order in society. But the predominance of feelings in this age tended to foster an unhealthy ' lets be a victim ' philosophy. |
growth economies where 'Centrifugal Mind' predominates' the main social disharmony could be a core of fear amongst those,who, having accumulated more than others are frightened that they might have it taken from them.The Chou Dynasty 1100 - 256 BC and the Warring States 481 BC - 221 BC marked an epoch of greed where success and killing all your vanquished opponents replaced chivalry and the concept of letting your opponent live to fight on another day.In 213 BC the First Emperor Shih Huang Ti wanted to secure his power by burning most historical books and outlawing criticism of the present by reference to the past.He did not want people to go behind his back. Now it was not the resentment or curse of the Ancestors but the invasion of ' Evil Spirits ' & ' Demons 'or poisons which were responsible for everyday misfortunes and personal illness.To expel these demons it was necessary to use either shouts, threats or medicines.The assumption in these growth economies was that if you have a body, a form, and possessions suffering is inevitable and unavoidable;for only formlessness and lack of possessions is free of disease and worry. The inevitability of illness and the need for a healing system devoted to the treatment of existing suffering, implicitly questions personal responsibility for one's health & the need to follow health-preserving moral dictums enshrined in Confucian ideals. Instead a sick man seeks to ally himself with some external force or controlling influence or herb or fashionable doctor who/which will expel or destroy the demons or evil spirit . In this system thought seeks to gain something material which is esteemed by ' the group-accepted-political-view ' and extinguish the spiritual flame that burns in the heart of every living individual. |
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